Agenesia de la vesícula biliar / Agenesia of the gallbladder

La agenesia de la vesícula biliar (AVB) es una entidad congénita rara. La mayoría de los pacientes, permanecen asintomáticos, mientras que los que presentan síntomas informan síntomas que imitan el cólico biliar. La evaluación inicial para la sospecha de patología de la vesícula biliar, como la ecografía del cuadrante superior derecho, Puede ser engañosa o no concluyente. En consecuencia, algunos pacientes son finalmente diagnosticados intra-operatoriamente. Por lo tanto, deben mantener la AVB como un diagnóstico diferencial y deben realizarse como la colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRMN) cuando otras pruebas no sean concluyentes. Presentamos una mujer de 39 años que presento síntomas crónicos compatibles con cólico biliar y una ecografía equívoca informada como escleroatrófica con colelitiasis. Se le realizó laparoscopia durante la cual se constató la ausencia de vesícula biliar. La CPRM posoperatoria confirmó el diagnóstico de AG.

Gallbladder agenesis (GA) is a rare congenital entity. Most patients remain asymptomatic, while those with symptoms report symptoms that mimic bile colic. Initial evaluation for suspected gallbladder pathology, such as ultrasound of the right upper quadrant, May be misleading or inconclusive. As a result, some patients are eventually diagnosed intra-operatively. Therefore, GA should be maintained as a differential diagnosis and should be performed as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRI) when other tests are inconclusive. We present a 39-year-old woman who has chronic symptoms compatible with biliary colic and an equivocal ultrasound reported as scleroatrofic with cholelithiasis. Laparoscopy was performed during which the absence of gallbladder was found. Postoperative CPRM confirmed the diagnosis of GA.

Bullosis diabeticorum ­ una lesión poco común / Bullosis diabeticorum ­ an uncommon lesion

IINTRODUCCIÓN: el bullosis diabeticorum forma parte del espectro de manifestaciones cutáneas de la diabetes mellitus, descrito por Kramer en 1930 y nombrado como bullosis diabeticorum por Cantwell y Martz. Es una enfermedad conocida, pero bastante rara (0.5 a 2% de la población diabética) siendo dos veces más común en hombres. Es una lesión espontánea y no está relacionada con trauma o causa fisiológica evidente, como infección, 3 que no causa dolor o se asocia a signos flogísticos. Se asocia principalmente a las extremidades, pudiendo ser una lesión única o múltiples lesiones. Puede ocurrir en la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) y en el tipo 2. Las lesiones típicamente se curan espontáneamente de 2 a 6 semanas, pero pueden ocurrir en el mismo lugar nuevamente. El pronóstico es bueno, sin tratamiento específico necesario o seguimiento diagnóstico con biopsia. Se relata un caso de esta rara patología con documentación por resonancia magnética.

Bullosis diabeticorum is part of the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus, described by Kramer in 1930 and named bullosis diabeticorum by Cantwell and Martz. It is a known disease, but quite rare (0.5 to 2% of the diabetic population) and is two times more common in men. Bullosis diabeticorum is a spontaneous lesion and not related to trauma or obvious physiological cause, such as infection that does not cause pain or is associated with inflammatory signs. Occurs at the limbs and may be single or multiple. It can occur in diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and type 2, usually in the advanced stages. The lesions heal spontaneously typically in 2 to 6 weeks, but they may happen again on the same site. The prognosis is good with no need of special treatment or further diagnosis with biopsy. We report a case of this rare complication with magnetic resonance imaging.

Incidentes associados ao uso de cateter vesical de demora em pacientes hospitalizados / Incidents associated with the use of late bladder cateter in hospitalized patients

Estima-se que 15 a 25% dos pacientes internados no ambiente hospitalar utilizam cateter vesical de demora (CVD), tendo aproximadamente 80% das infecções do trato urinário associadas à instalação do CVD. A utilização excessiva e a permanência maior que a necessária do cateter, pode acarretar graves incidentes como dor, sangramento, desconforto, trauma e até mesmo uma grave infecção do trato urinário. O monitoramento do paciente em uso de CVD, pela equipe de enfermagem, bem como o conhecimento acerca dos principais incidentes associados ao manejo do cateter, podem ser importantes ferramentas na mitigação de agravos clínicos. Objetivos: verificar a frequência de incidentes vinculados ao uso de cateter vesical de demora em pacientes internados nos setores de clínica médica e cirúrgica; analisar a ocorrência de incidentes originados do manejo em pacientes em uso do cateter vesical de demora e sua interface com o cuidado seguro em saúde; discutir estratégias voltadas para atuação da equipe de enfermagem com vistas a mitigação de incidentes vinculados a cateter vesical de demora. Metodologia: estudo observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizado com 79 participantes internados em unidades de clínica médica e/ou cirúrgica de um Hospital Universitário Federal do Rio de Janeiro, selecionados a partir dos critérios elegibilidade estabelecidos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: 55,7% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino, com faixa etária predominante (40,5%) entre 63 a 74 anos. Em média os pacientes foram cateterizados nos primeiros oito dias de internação. 94,9% dos pacientes apresentaram pelo menos um incidente durante o período do estudo. Verifica-se que sexo, idade, tempo de uso, diâmetro do cateter utilizado, e fixação do CVD tiveram associações estatísticas significativas. 18 pacientes apresentaram infecção, desses somente um participante possuía resultado de urocultura. Conclusão: a presente dissertação identificou os principais incidentes advindos do manejo e manutenção do cateter, verificando que em maioria, as circunstâncias notificáveis foram as mais recorrentes, verificando também a necessidade da realização de estratégias diretas com o profissional em campo de trabalho, vislumbrando que esse possa conferir um cuidado especializado, direcionado e seguro a probabilidade de fatores que possam levar a ocorrência de situações indesejadas na prática do cuidado.

It is estimated that 15 to 25% of the patients hospitalized in the hospital use delayed bladder catheter (CVD), with approximately 80% of the urinary tract infections associated with CVD. Overuse and overuse of the catheter can lead to serious incidents such as pain, bleeding, discomfort, trauma and even a serious urinary tract infection. The monitoring of the patient using CVD by the nursing team, as well as the knowledge about the main incidents associated with catheter management can be important tools in the mitigation of clinical injuries. Objectives: to verify the frequency of incidents related to the use of late bladder catheter in patients hospitalized in the medical and surgical clinic sectors; to analyze the occurrence of incidents originating from the management in patients in use of the bladder catheter of delay and its interface with the safe health care; to discuss strategies aimed at the nursing team's action in order to mitigate incidents related to delayed bladder catheter. Methods: this was a prospective, descriptive, longitudinal, prospective, quantitative study of 79 participants hospitalized at a medical and / or surgical clinic of a Federal University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, selected from the established eligibility criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: 55.7% of the participants were male, with a predominant age group (40.5%) between 63 and 74 years. On average, the patients were catheterized in the first eight days of hospitalization. 94.9% of patients had at least one incident during the study period. It is verified that sex, age, time of use, diameter of the catheter used, and fixation of CVD had significant statistical associations. 18 patients presented infection, of which only one participant had a result of uroculture. Conclusion: the present dissertation identified the main incidents resulting from the management and maintenance of the catheter, verifying that the majority of the reportable circumstances were the most recurrent, and also verified the need to carry out direct strategies with the professional in the field of work, a specialized, directed and safe care the probability of factors that can lead to the occurrence of undesirable situations in the practice of the care.

Se estima que entre el 15 y el 25% de los pacientes internados en el ambiente hospitalario utilizan catéter vesical de demora (CVD), con aproximadamente el 80% de las infecciones del tracto urinario asociadas a la instalación del CVD. El uso excesivo y la permanencia mayor que la necesaria del catéter, puede acarrear graves incidentes como dolor, sangrado, incomodidad, trauma e incluso una grave infección del tracto urinario. El monitoreo del paciente en uso de CVD, por el equipo de enfermería, así como el conocimiento acerca de los principales incidentes asociados al manejo del catéter, pueden ser importantes herramientas en la mitigación de los agravios clínicos. Objetivos: verificar la frecuencia de incidentes vinculados al uso de catéter vesical de demora en pacientes internados en los sectores de clínica médica y quirúrgica; analizar la ocurrencia de incidentes originados del manejo en pacientes en uso del catéter vesical de demora y su interfaz con el cuidado seguro en salud; discutir estrategias dirigidas a la actuación del equipo de enfermería con miras a la mitigación de incidentes vinculados a catéter vesical de demora. Metodología: estudio observacional, longitudinal, prospectivo, descriptivo, de naturaleza cuantitativa, realizado con 79 participantes internados en unidades de clínica médica y / o quirúrgica de un Hospital Universitario Federal de Río de Janeiro, seleccionados a partir de los criterios elegibles establecidos. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: El 55,7% de los participantes eran del sexo masculino, con rango de edad predominante (40,5%) entre 63 y 74 años. En promedio los pacientes fueron cateterizados en los primeros ocho días de internación. El 94,9% de los pacientes presentó al menos un incidente durante el período del estudio. Se observa que el sexo, la edad, el tiempo de uso, el diámetro del catéter utilizado, y la fijación del CVD han tenido asociaciones estadísticas significativas. 18 pacientes presentaron infección, de los cuales un participante poseía un resultado de urocultura. Conclusión: La presente disertación identificó los principales incidentes provenientes del manejo y mantenimiento del catéter, verificando que en su mayoría, las circunstancias notificables fueron las más recurrentes, verificando también la necesidad de la realización de estrategias directas con el profesional en campo de trabajo, vislumbrando que ese pueda conferir un cuidado especializado, dirigido y seguro a la probabilidad de factores que puedan llevar a la ocurrencia de situaciones indeseadas en la práctica del cuidado.

Modulação da cicatrização na cirurgia do glaucoma após aplicação de acetato de triancinolona subconjuntival isolado ou em associação à mitomicina C: estudo experimental / Healing modulation in glaucoma surgery after application of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate alone or combined with mitomycin C: an experimetal study

RESUMO Objetivo: estudar a eficácia e segurança do uso de acetato de triancinolona subconjuntival isolado ou em associação à mitomicina C como modulador da cicatrização de trabeculectomias em coelhos. Métodos: trinta coelhos machos, albinos, raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à trabeculectomia bilateralmente. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais com 15 olhos por grupo: controle, mitomicina C, acetato de triancinolona e acetato de triancinolona + mitomicina C. Tonometria de aplanação e análise clínica da bolha através do Sistema de Graduação de Moorfields foram obtidas no pós-operatório. Para a avaliação da cicatrização, procedeu-se à análise quantitativa do infiltrado inflamatório (polimorfonucleares) através da coloração Hematoxilina & Eosina e da proliferação vascular por imuno-histoquímica. Resultados: foi observada em todos os grupos diminuição significativa da pressão intraocular pós-operatória em relação à pré-operatória (p<0,001). Contudo, não houve diferença entre os grupos (p=0,186). O grupo acetato de triancinolona + mitomicina C apresentou melhores índices na altura máxima da bolha e na vascularização da área central da bolha (p=0,001); além disso, houve menor resposta inflamatória (p=0,001) e menor proliferação vascular (p=0,001) na fase intermediária do estudo em relação às monoterapias. Conclusão: a associação da mitomicina C ao acetato de triancinolona resultou numa ação sinérgica entre esses agentes, com bolhas mais amplas e difusas e menor infiltrado inflamatório e menor proliferação vascular em estágio intermediário do acompanhamento neste modelo animal.

ABSTRACT Objective: to study the efficacy and safety of the use of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetate alone or in combination with mitomycin C as a modulator of trabeculectomy healing in rabbits. Methods: we submitted thirty male, albino, New Zealand rabbits to bilateral trabeculectomy. We divided the animals into four experimental groups with 15 eyes per group: control, mitomycin C, triamcinolone acetate and triamcinolone acetate + mitomycin C. We performed aplanation tonometry and clinical analysis of the bleb through the Moorfields Graduation System in the postoperative period. For the evaluation of healing, we carried out the quantitative analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate (polymorphonuclear) through Hematoxylin & Eosin staining, and vascular proliferation, through immunohistochemistry. Results: we observed a significant decrease in postoperative intraocular pressure in all groups compared with the preoperative pressure (p<0.001). However, there was no difference between groups (p=0.186). The triamcinolone + mitomycin C acetate group presented better indices as for the maximum bleb height and vascularization of the bleb central area (p=0.001); in addition, there was a lower inflammatory response (p=0.001) and lower vascular proliferation (p=0.001) in the intermediate phase of the study compared with the monotherapies. Conclusion: the combination of mitomycin C and triamcinolone acetate resulted in a synergistic action between these agents, with broader and more diffuse blebs, less inflammatory infiltrate and less vascular proliferation in the intermediate stages of follow-up in this animal model.

Pretibial dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

Abstract Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of mechano-bullous genetic disorders caused by mutations in the genes encoding structural proteins of the skin. Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene encoding collagen VII, the main constituent of anchoring fibrils. In this group, there are autosomal dominant and recessive inheritances. The pre-tibial form is characterized by the presence of blisters, milia, atrophic scars and lesions similar to lichen planus. The diagnosis is clinical and laboratory and subtypes are distinguished by means of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies, in addition to genetic differentiation. Electron microscopy and immunomapping are used in the diagnosis.

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus in a 10-year-old child

Abstract: Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease, with few cases described in childhood. It has different clinical-pathological features. We report a case of BSLE in a 10-year-old child with systemic lupus erythematosus, treated with prednisone and hydroxychloroquine. There was complete remission with dapsone, with no recurrence of skin lesions throughout one year of follow-up. We highlight the rarity and early age of occurrence.

Extensive bullous lichen sclerosus et atrophicus

Abstract Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is a chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by atrophic and sclerotic plaques in both genital and extragenital regions. Extensive bullous lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (BLSA) is a severe variant of the disease with no widely accepted treatment. We present a 63-year-old woman with extensive extragenital, ivory-colored, atrophic plaques on her trunk and extremities and disseminated hemorrhagic bullae. The patient was unsuccessfully treated with standard topical corticosteroid therapy, doxycycline and chloroquine. According to the literature, there is little evidence of the efficacy of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of BLSA. We report a rare case of extensive BLSA that is unresponsive to these drugs.

Factores clínicos preoperatorios predictivos de conversión del método quirúrgico / Perioperative Predictive Clinical Factors of Surgical Method Conversion

Introducción: la enfermedad vesicular es una condición médica común. Generalmente, los pacientes con enfermedad vesicular presentan un cuadro clínico típico. La conversión de los casos laparoscópicos a la técnica convencional ocurre por diferentes razones. Objetivos: relacionar los factores predictivos de la conversión de la colecistectomía laparoscópica al método tradicional desde el preoperatorio. Método: estudio analítico, retrospectivo. Se aplicaron pruebas no paramétricas y cálculo de Odds ratio y riesgo atribuible. Resultados: media de índice de masa corporal de 24, promedio de edad de 42,2 ± 14 años. El 18 por ciento fueron hipertensos, 22 por ciento tuvieron cólico biliar previos, 78 por ciento fueron mujeres, 11 por ciento se convirtieron y 41,1 por ciento eran fumadores. El cólico biliar incrementó el riesgo en 12,1 ocasiones de convertirse al método tradicional. Los hombres tuvieron 1,25 veces más de riesgo. No hubo incremento en el riesgo por inexperiencia del médico. Los pacientes que presentaron una úlcera duodenal tuvieron un incremento del riesgo de conversión de 1,33 veces. Es frecuente el cambio del método quirúrgico en pacientes con cicatriz previa (X2 0,00). Conclusiones: los factores de predicción más importantes fueron el índice de masa corporal mayor de 25, el sexo masculino, el antecedente de cólico biliar o colecistitis, la presencia de úlcera duodenal activa y las cicatrices previas en el abdomen, principalmente hemiabdomen superior. La edad del paciente y la experiencia del cirujano no constituyeron factores de riesgo(AU)

Introduction: the vesicular disease is a common medical condition. Generally, patients with vesicular disease have typical clinical features. Converting laparoscopic cases to the conventional technique occurs by different reasons. Objectives: relate predictors of laparoscopic cholecystectomy conversion to the traditional method from the preoperative stage. Results: the average body mass index was 24, average age was 42.2 ± 14 years. 18 percent were hypertensive, 22 percent had previous biliary colic, 78 percent were women, 11 percent were converted and 41.1 percent were smokers. Biliary colic increases 12.1 times the risk of being converted to the traditional method. Men are 1.25 times more in risk. There is no increased risk for inexperienced doctor. Patients who have a duodenal ulcer have increased risk of conversion 1.33 times. The change of surgical method in patients with previous scar (X2 0.00) often occurs. Conclusions: the most important predictive factors were body mass index greater than 25, male gender, history of biliary colic or cholecystitis, presence of active duodenal ulcer and previous scars on the abdomen, upper abdomen mainly. Age and experience of the surgeon did not constitute risk factors(AU)

Bullous and hemorrhagic lichen sclerosus - Case report

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory disease, usually located in the genital area. The etiology of lichen sclerosus is multifactorial, with participation of genetic, autoimmune, infectious and hormonal factors. Bullous clinical form stems from hydropic degeneration of the basal membrane, constituting a less frequent variant of the disease. In this work, we report the case of a female patient, 55 years old, who in the last three years presented whitish plaques, with horny spikes, located on back and arms. Some of these lesions evolved with hemorrhagic blisters, which after histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of bullous and hemorrhagic lichen sclerosus. The patient was treated with high-potency topical corticosteroid for two months, resulting in remission of bullous and hemorrhagic lesions.

Bullous pemphigoid in a 3-month-old infant: case report and literature review of this dermatosis in childhood / Penfigoide bolhoso em lactente de 3 meses: relato de caso e revisao de literatura da dermatose na infancia

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering dermatosis that is uncommon in childhood. We report a case of a female infant, 3 months old, which presented clinical and laboratory data for the confirmatory diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. The authors used immunohistochemical staining for collagen type IV that allowed the differentiation of bullous pemphigoid from other subepidermal bullous diseases. Opportunely we review the clinical, immunological, therapeutic and prognostic features of this pathology in children.

O penfigoide bolhoso é uma dermatose bolhosa autoimune subepidérmica, incomum na infância. Relatamos um caso de lactente feminina, com 3 meses de idade, que apresentou dados clínicos e laboratoriais confirmatórios para o diagnóstico de penfigoide bolhoso. Os autores utilizaram a coloração de imuno-histoquímica para o colágeno tipo IV que permitiu a diferenciação do penfigoide bolhoso de outras buloses subepidérmicas. Oportunamente, revisamos as características clínicas, imunológicas, terapêuticas e prognósticas da patologia na criança.

Scanning electron microscopy of a blister roof in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa / Microscopia eletronica de varredura do teto de uma bolha de epidermolise bolhosa distrofica

In dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa the genetic defect of anchoring fibrils leads to cleavage beneath the basement membrane, with its consequent loss. We performed scanning electron microscopy of an inverted blister roof of a case of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, confirmed by immunomapping and gene sequencing. With a magnification of 2000 times a net attached to the blister roof could be easily identified. This net was composed of intertwined flat fibers. With higher magnifications, different fiber sizes could be observed, some thin fibers measuring around 80 nm and thicker ones measuring between 200 and 300 nm.

Na epidermólise bolhosa distrófica, o defeito genético das fibrilas ancorantes leva à clivagem abaixo da membrana basal, com sua consequente perda. Realizamos microscopia eletrônica de varredura do teto invertido de uma bolha de um caso de epidermólise bolhosa distrófica, cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado com imunomapeamento e com sequenciamento gênico. Com uma ampliação de 2.000 vezes, pôde ser facilmente identificada uma rede ligada ao teto da bolha. Essa rede era composta por fibras achatadas e entrelaçadas. Com grandes aumentos, fibras de diferentes tamanhos puderam ser observadas: algumas finas, medindo cerca de 80 nm, e outras mais largas, medindo entre 200 nm e 300 nm.

Diffuse systemic sclerosis with bullous lesions without systemic manifestations / Esclerose sistemica difusa bolhosa sem acometimentos sistemicos

Here, we describe an atypical case of systemic sclerosis in its diffuse cutaneous form with acute and rapid progression of the cutaneous condition, without any systemic manifestations and the infrequent formation of bullae, showing the importance of diagnosis and early treatment in such cases. This case also shows that special measures should be taken for bullous cutaneous lesions and ulcerations resulting from serious sclerosis, which are entry points and increase morbidity and risk of death. Other prognostic factors include age, ESR and renal and pulmonary involvement. Capillaroscopies can be useful predictors of greater severity of systemic scleroderma, revealing a greater link with systemic, rather than cutaneous, involvement.

Descrevemos um caso atípico de esclerose sistêmica em sua forma cutânea difusa com instalação aguda e rápida progressão do quadro cutâneo sem qualquer acometimento sistêmico e a infrequente formação de bolhas, demostrando a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento precoce frente a casos semelhantes e mostrando, com a experiência deste caso, que cuidados especiais devem ser tomados com as lesões cutâneas bolhosas e as ulcerações decorrentes da grave esclerose que são portas de entrada e aumentam a morbidade e risco de morte. Outros fatores prognósticos descritos são idade, VHS e envolvimento pulmonar e renal. A capilaroscopia pode ser preditor de maior gravidade da esclerodermia sistêmica, guardando maior relação com o envolvimento sistêmico do que cutâneo.

Sporadic Kindler Syndrome with a novel mutation / Sindrome de Kindler esporadica com uma mutacao nao descrita previamente

We report the case of a 28-year-old woman with Kindler syndrome, a rare form of epidermolysis bullosa. Clinically, since childhood, she had widespread pigmentary changes in her skin as well as photosensitivity and fragility of the skin and mucous membranes. The mucosal involvement led to an erosive stomatitis as well as esophageal, anal and vaginal stenoses, requiring surgical intervention. The diagnosis of Kindler syndrome was confirmed by DNA sequencing with compound heterozygosity for a nonsense/frameshift combination of mutations (p.Arg110X; p.Ala289GlyfsX7) in the FERMT1 gene.

Nós relatamos uma paciente feminina de 28 anos com Síndrome de Kindler, uma forma rara de Epidermólise Bolhosa. Clinicamente, ela apresentava alterações cutâneas pigmentares disseminadas, fotossensibilidade e fragilidade da pele e das mucosas desde a infância. O envolvimento mucoso levou à estomatite erosiva e a estenoses esofágica, anal e vaginal, as quais necessitaram de intervenções cirúrgicas. O diagnóstico de Síndrome de Kindler foi confirmado por sequenciamento de DNA, que demonstrou heterozigose composta uma combinação de mutações uma nonsense e outra frameshift (p.Arg110X; p.Ala289GlyfsX7) no gene FERMT1.

Case for diagnosis / Caso para diagnostico

Linear Darier is a rare variant of Darier's Disease. The keratotic papules follow Blaschko's lines, characterizing the cutaneous mosaicism. We report the case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with small, linearly distributed, reddish-brown papules on the left mammary region, from the left flank to the hypogastrium and on the pretibial area of the left leg. Histologically, suprabasal acantholysis and dyskeratotic cells were seen, confirming the diagnosis.

Darier linear é uma variante rara da Doença de Darier. As pápulas ceratósicas se distribuem seguindo as linhas de Blaschko, caracterizando o mosaicismo do envolvimento cutâneo. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 42 anos que apresentava pápulas acastanhadas, distribuídas linearmente na região mamária esquerda, do flanco esquerdo ao hipogástrio e na região prétibial esquerda. Histologicamente, foram observadas acantólise suprabasal e células disceratósicas, confirmando a suposição diagnóstica.

Case for diagnosis / Caso para diagnóstico

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder of unknown etiology that most commonly affects the female genitalia. Cutaneous involvement with nonhaemorrhagic bullous is very unusual. We describe a case of bullous lichen sclerosus.

Líquen escleroso é uma doença mucocutânea inflamatória, crônica, de etiologia desconhecida, que afeta mais comumente a genitália feminina. O envolvimento cutâneo com bolhas não hemorrágicas é muito raro. Descrevemos um caso de líquen escleroso bolhoso.

Imagen calcificada y dolor en hipocondrito derecho / Calcified image and pain in the right hypochondrium

Introducción: El cáncer de vesícula ocupa el 5° lugar de aparición de todos cánceres digestivos. En nuestro país es dos veces más frecuente que los tumores ubicados en la vía biliar principal intra o extrahepática. Objetivos: Reporte de caso y revisión bibliográfica. Reporte de Caso: Mujer de 52 años, sin antecedentes clínicos de relevancia, que consulta por dolor abdominal, náuseas y vómitos de 14 días de evolución. Se realiza una ecografía que evidencia engrosamiento parietal y litiasis vesicular. En el intraoperatorio se evidencia Vesícula en Porcelana con infiltración hepática a nivel del fondo.Discusión: Destacar la importancia de una correcta interpretación de las imágenes, a los fines de tomar la conducta que mayor beneficio representa para el paciente.

Introduction: Gallbladder cancer occupies the 5th place of occurrence among all digestive system cancers. In our country, it is twice more frequent than tumors of the intra or extrahepatic principal biliary tract. Objectives: Case report and literature review. Case Report: 52-year-old woman, with no relevant clinical history, with 14 days of abdominal pain, nausea and vomit. The ultrasound scan reveals parietal thickening and gallstones. During intrasurgical exploration, porcelain gallbladder is found, with hepatic infiltration at fundus. Discussion: To highlight the importance of a correct image interpretation, in order to choose the most beneficial treatment for the patient.

Safe Excision of a Large Overhanging Cystic Bleb Following Autologous Blood Injection and Compression Suture

Here, we report a large, overhanging cystic bleb that compromised vision and induced a foreign body sensation in a patient who underwent a trabeculectomy surgery with anti-metabolite therapy 4 years prior. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed multiple loculations with thin septa inside the bleb and a high risk of damage to the bleb was anticipated with a straight forward surgical excision. We injected autologous blood and placed a compression suture 6 weeks prior to surgical excision of the overhanging portion of the bleb. The operation was successful in preserving excellent bleb function, restoring visual acuity, and alleviating symptoms in our patient with up to 9 months of follow-up.

Safe Excision of a Large Overhanging Cystic Bleb Following Autologous Blood Injection and Compression Suture

Here, we report a large, overhanging cystic bleb that compromised vision and induced a foreign body sensation in a patient who underwent a trabeculectomy surgery with anti-metabolite therapy 4 years prior. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed multiple loculations with thin septa inside the bleb and a high risk of damage to the bleb was anticipated with a straight forward surgical excision. We injected autologous blood and placed a compression suture 6 weeks prior to surgical excision of the overhanging portion of the bleb. The operation was successful in preserving excellent bleb function, restoring visual acuity, and alleviating symptoms in our patient with up to 9 months of follow-up.